Some liner grades get one paper and a pat on the back. ZG70Cr3NiMo got a decade of attention from the same engineering team — a wear test, then a heat-treatment improvement, then a failure analysis of the weak link. That sequence, rare as it is, tells you more about a steel than any single trial….

Liner metallurgy lives with a stubborn trade-off. Hard steels resist abrasion but crack under ball impact. Tough steels survive impact but wear away. Most “wear-resistant” steels on the market are general-purpose grades, and the compromise shows the first time a mill throws a big ball at them. This case is about a bainitic cast steel…